Strong
and weak
donors and acceptors
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Energy levels for isolated
impurities in silicon measured from the nearest band edge in electron volts.
Donors are indicated with a plus charge and acceptors with a minus charge,
their charges after ionization leading to conduction-band electrons and
valence-band holes.
Adapted from Streetman, B. G. Solid State Electronic Devices, 3rd
ed.; Prentice Hall: Englewood, NJ, 1990; p 108